Pinion preload and crown gear backlash are the hardest settings on any steer axle, and this 125-page Carraro 20.22 repair manual PDF (OEM ID CA357356) covers them in full, then takes in the rest of the front axle: wheel hubs, epicyclic reduction, steering cylinder, and both the ML and LS differentials. Most of the book is disassembly and assembly, one group at a time. The sensor group has its own wiring diagram, and the procedures end with toe-in, steering angle, and post-assembly testing. Troubleshooting charts match axle symptoms to likely causes, and the special tools pages show the false pinion and preload measurement tool your bench will need. Feed the differential at 20 bar and keep bevel gear set backlash between 0.15 and 0.20 mm. A pinion shimmed by feel comes back as a whine. The PDF is bookmarked and text-searchable, and once you buy it, it stays with this axle for as long as you run it.
What's Inside This Carraro 20.22 Repair Manual
| System | Pages | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|
| General Information | 1-10 | Manual Use, Information Property, Agreements and Definitions, Recommendations for Repair Operations |
| Safety Instructions | 11-15 | General Safety Recommendations, Safety Symbols, General Precautions |
| General Specifications | 16-32 | Intended Use, Product Identification, Technical Features, Oil Change and Checks, Grease in Assembly, Adhesive and Sealant, Tightening Torque |
| Sensor Group | 34-42 | Sensor Pin, Sensor, Sensor Cover, Rubber Bush, Electrical Wires, Sheath |
| Steering Cylinder Group | 43-48 | Pipe Fittings, Steering Cylinder, Tie Rods, Ball Joints, Cylinder Heads |
| Epicyclic Reduction Gear Group | 49-52 | Planetary Carrier, Planetary Gears, Needle Bearings, Snap Rings, Thrust Washers |
| Wheel Hub Group | 53-62 | Wheel Hub, Wheel Carrier, Ring Gear, Seal Ring, Bearing Cups, King Pins |
| Flange Group | 63-65 | Flange, Pinion Shaft, Lock Ring, Seal Ring, Differential Support |
| Differential Support Group | 66-76 | Differential Carrier, Ring-Nuts, Ring Nut Retainers, Bearing Cones, Seal Rings, Bushes |
| Differential Group (ML) | 77-86 | Bevel Crown Gear, Differential Housing, Piston, Counterdisks, Disks, Side Gear |
| Differential Group (LS) | 87-90 | Bevel Crown Gear, Differential Housing, Counter Disks, Disks, Side Gear, Spider Gears |
| Pinion Group | 91-97 | Pinion Shaft, Bearing Cones, Ring Nut, Retaining Washer, Collapsible Spacer, Bevel Pinion |
| Axle Beam Group | 98-102 | Double U-Joints, Slinger, Seal Rings, King Pin Bush, Ball Bearing Cup, Pivot Bush |
| Toe-In/Steering Angle | 103-106 | Toe-In Adjustment, Steering Angle Adjustment, Mechanical Steering Stop, Guide Rods, Joint Tie Rods |
| Testing After Assembly | 107-108 | Pinion, Wheels, Brakes, Assembly Testing |
| Troubleshooting | 108-116 | Axle Problems and Diagnosis |
| Special Tools | 117-120 | Handle, Wrench, Driver, False Differential Box Disk, False Pinion, Preloading Measurement Tool |
| Service Operations Time | 121-125 | Service Operations Time Schedule |
Quick Reference Specifications
| Specification | Value | Page |
|---|---|---|
| Bearing assembly temperature | 80°C - 90°C | p. 9 |
| Bearing dimension A | 25.100 - 25.300 mm | p. 59 |
| Total ratio | 15.857 / 1 | p. 19 |
| Differential feed pressure | 20 bar | p. 19 |
| Bevel gear set backlash | 0.15÷0.20 mm | p. 19 |
| Steering angle | 50° | p. 19 |
| Dry weight | 370 Kg | p. 19 |
| Differential locking engagement feed pressure | 13÷15 bar | p. 74 |
| Axle oil change interval | seasonally or every 1500 hours | p. 28 |
| Greasing interval | weekly or every 150-200 hours | p. 28 |
Carraro 20.22 Common Problems This Manual Covers
Carraro 20.22 front axle differential lock with no differential action when engaged
Measure the differential locking engagement feed pressure and confirm it reads 13 to 15 bar, per the spec on page 74. If pressure checks good, remove the Differential Group (ML) starting on page 77. Inspect the piston, disks and counterdisks for wear, and replace any worn disks and the piston before you reassemble.
Manual Section: Differential Group (ML) p. 74Front axle differential and bevel gear set making constant or intermittent noise while driving
Check bevel gear set backlash and set it to 0.15 to 0.20 mm by adjusting the ring-nuts, following page 71. Next, verify pinion bearing preloading using the Pinion Group procedure starting on page 91. Before you tear into it, confirm the axle oil has been changed seasonally or every 1500 hours, as listed on page 28.
Manual Section: Troubleshooting p. 108Front axle toe-in or steering angle out of adjustment with uneven tyre wear
Measure toe-in and correct it by adjusting the joint tie rods, following the procedure on page 103. Verify the steering angle reaches the 50° listed on page 19, then set the mechanical steering stop. Inspect the steering cylinder tie rods and ball joints, covered from page 43, for play before you sign it off.
Manual Section: Toe-In/Steering Angle p. 103Wheel hub king pins and bearing cups worn with wheel vibration and noise while steering
Remove the wheel hub group following page 53. Take off the lock ring and wheel carrier, extract the bearing cups and pull the king pins. Inspect the seal rings and ring gear. Check bearing dimension A against 25.100 to 25.300 mm on page 59. Heat new bearings to 80°C to 90°C before fitting, per page 9.
Manual Section: Wheel Hub Group p. 53Frequently Asked Questions
What are the torque specifications for the Carraro 20.22 front axle bolts?
The tightening torque chart on page 32 lists values from 2.9 Nm up to 460 Nm. Match each fastener to its callout on the chart before you torque it, since the value depends on the location. p. 32
What are the replacement specifications for the wheel hub on the Carraro 20.22 front axle?
The wheel hub group disassembly and assembly procedures are detailed on pages 53-62. The manual specifies that the bearing cups (7) and (11) should be forced into the wheel hub (10) housings using special tool CA715026, and the seal ring (12) should be installed using special tool CA715961. p. 60
What is the oil capacity for the differential on the Carraro 20.22 front axle?
The differential oil capacity for the Carraro 20.22 axle is 8.5 liters (litres). p. 19
What oil specification is recommended for the Carraro 20.22 front axle?
The recommended oil specification for the axle is API GL4/GL5, respectively MIL-L-2105/2105 D. p. 19
What is the service interval for changing the axle oil on the Carraro 20.22 front axle?
The axle oil should be changed seasonally or every 1500 hours, with the first intervention occurring between 150-200 hours. p. 28
How will I receive this Carraro 20.22 Repair Manual?
You get a 125-page searchable PDF that downloads instantly after checkout. Open it on your laptop, tablet, or phone, and bring it right to the shop floor.
Am I free to print this Carraro 20.22 Repair Manual?
Printing is allowed without restriction. Pull the pages you need for the job and bin them when they get greasy.
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